There are 30 major fungal disease in world and blast disease of rice major one.
This disease is caused by a fungus. This fungus has perfect form and imperfect form. Pyricularia oryzae is it's imperfect form and Magnaporthe grisea is it's perfect form.
Symptom of Blast Disease of Rice
This fungus like to attack at the aerial portion of the rice plant. It can attack rice at any growth stage. The symptom is shown at leaves, nodes, and panicles ( sometimes in grain ) as spots or lesions. At first small spots are seen on the leaf. The color of the spots are bluish or light grayish. This spots are look like water-soaked. Spots may round or oval in shape. When the size of spot increases, the spot take spindle shape gradually. Margin of the spot becomes brown and middle becomes gray or white in color. Several spots coalesce and a large spot is formed. Nodes and glumes also attacked by this pathogen and symptoms also appeared on this organ. In infected node black lesions are seen and rings are formed. Finally this not break down and causes yield loses. Brown or black spots are seen on the neck of the panicle when panicle is infected.
If we study the pathogen under microscope, we can mycelium, conidiophore and conidia. Mycelium of this fungus is thin, hyaline and septate. Conidiopore also septate and thin but light brown in color. Long conidiophore nay remain in single or in tufts. Conidia is hyaline to pale brown in color, smooth, generally 3 celled and pyriform.
Systematic position:
Division: Eumycota
Subdivision: Deuteromycotina
Class: Hyphomycetes
Family: Dematiaceae
Genus: Pyricularia
Species: Pyricularia oryzae
Disease cycle of Pyricularia oryzae:
Several grasses such as Digitaria marginata, Panicum repens, Brachiaria mutica etc are the shelter of this pathogen. This pathogen's mycelium and conidia also overwinters on straw piles or in the infected seeds for two years when dry condition is present. Conidia spread through wind and fall onto leaf. If water is deposited on the leaf, conidia germinate there. By germ tube pathogen penetrates into leaf through stomata. Then symptoms are shown. Gradually grains are infected. Then conidia released with droplets of water and take shelter in crop residue.
Management:
We must use healthy seeds for rice cultivation.
We must use resistant varieties.
We may supply 100 kg K fertilizer per hectare at the of soil preparation.
Chemical treatment:
We must take suggestion of government agricultural officer before using any fungicide.
Seeds may be treated with provax 200 @ 0.3 % before seed sowing.
When field is infected fungicide may be used to reduce yield lose.
Some fungicide:
Cupravit, Benlae, Bavistin etc
This disease is caused by a fungus. This fungus has perfect form and imperfect form. Pyricularia oryzae is it's imperfect form and Magnaporthe grisea is it's perfect form.
Symptom of Blast Disease of Rice
This fungus like to attack at the aerial portion of the rice plant. It can attack rice at any growth stage. The symptom is shown at leaves, nodes, and panicles ( sometimes in grain ) as spots or lesions. At first small spots are seen on the leaf. The color of the spots are bluish or light grayish. This spots are look like water-soaked. Spots may round or oval in shape. When the size of spot increases, the spot take spindle shape gradually. Margin of the spot becomes brown and middle becomes gray or white in color. Several spots coalesce and a large spot is formed. Nodes and glumes also attacked by this pathogen and symptoms also appeared on this organ. In infected node black lesions are seen and rings are formed. Finally this not break down and causes yield loses. Brown or black spots are seen on the neck of the panicle when panicle is infected.
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| pathogen infected leaf |
Systematic position:
Division: Eumycota
Subdivision: Deuteromycotina
Class: Hyphomycetes
Family: Dematiaceae
Genus: Pyricularia
Species: Pyricularia oryzae
Disease cycle of Pyricularia oryzae:
Several grasses such as Digitaria marginata, Panicum repens, Brachiaria mutica etc are the shelter of this pathogen. This pathogen's mycelium and conidia also overwinters on straw piles or in the infected seeds for two years when dry condition is present. Conidia spread through wind and fall onto leaf. If water is deposited on the leaf, conidia germinate there. By germ tube pathogen penetrates into leaf through stomata. Then symptoms are shown. Gradually grains are infected. Then conidia released with droplets of water and take shelter in crop residue.
 |
| Magnaporthe grisea |
We must use healthy seeds for rice cultivation.
We must use resistant varieties.
We may supply 100 kg K fertilizer per hectare at the of soil preparation.
Chemical treatment:
We must take suggestion of government agricultural officer before using any fungicide.
Seeds may be treated with provax 200 @ 0.3 % before seed sowing.
When field is infected fungicide may be used to reduce yield lose.
Some fungicide:
Cupravit, Benlae, Bavistin etc
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